A contested election in which a dissident shareholder — typically an activist — solicits shareholder votes to replace incumbent directors or support shareholder resolutions against the wishes of the board. Proxy fights require intensive shareholder engagement, investor communications, and proxy solicitation.

The US equivalent of the management proxy circular — filed with the SEC on Form DEF 14A — which provides shareholders with the information needed to vote on AGM matters including director elections, executive compensation, and auditor ratification.

The planning, drafting, review, and publication process for quarterly financial results communications — including the earnings release, MD&A, financial statements, and earnings call script. Quarter-end reporting is the highest-stakes recurring IR event.

A live conference call or webcast hosted by company management — typically the CEO and CFO — to present quarterly financial results, provide business updates, and answer questions from analysts and investors. Earnings calls are among the most scrutinized events in the IR calendar.

A bot-prevention tool — developed by Google — that verifies website visitors are human by presenting challenges (e.g., image recognition or checkbox clicks). IR websites use reCAPTCHA on contact forms and data request forms to prevent automated abuse.

A capital raise in which shares are sold directly to institutional investors under an effective shelf registration statement without a public offering roadshow. Registered directs offer speed and certainty of close, making them attractive to small- and mid-cap issuers with urgent capital needs.

An individual, non-institutional investor who purchases securities for personal investment accounts. While institutional investors dominate trading volume, retail investors can represent a meaningful shareholder base for smaller companies and are an important audience in direct-to-investor IR communications.

A capital raise in which existing shareholders are given the right to purchase additional shares at a specified price, proportional to their current holdings. A tranche-based rights offering is structured as a staged issuance — allowing the raise to occur in multiple phases.

A structured series of investor meetings — typically conducted across multiple cities or virtually — used by companies to communicate their story and answer questions in connection with an IPO, follow-on offering, or non-deal investor outreach program.

The process of developing a comprehensive, compliant set of anticipated investor questions and management responses in advance of a roadshow. Thorough Q&A preparation ensures consistency, reduces the risk of inadvertent disclosure, and builds management confidence in investor meetings.