A formal public announcement distributed through a newswire service — such as Business Wire, PR Newswire, or Cision — to reach financial media, investors, and regulatory platforms simultaneously. News releases are used for earnings announcements, transactions, executive changes, and other material corporate events.

A series of investor meetings — typically one-on-one or small group — conducted outside of a financing context, focused on building awareness, maintaining relationships, and updating existing and prospective investors on company progress. NDRs are a core tool for proactive IR outreach.

A major US stock exchange and trading venue where public companies list their shares. NYSE is one of the primary US exchanges.

Investor meetings or events hosted in close proximity to a major investor conference — but not on the official conference agenda — allowing management to increase the volume and quality of investor access during conference week.

Trading in securities that occurs directly between parties outside of a formal stock exchange, typically facilitated by dealer networks. The US OTC market operates across three tiers: OTCID (for companies in early disclosure stages), OTCQB (the venture market for early-stage and development-stage US and international companies), and OTCQX (the top tier for established, investor-focused companies...

Communications channels that a company controls directly — including its IR website, investor newsletter, LinkedIn page, YouTube channel, and email distribution lists. Owned media is a cost-effective way to distribute timely, consistent content directly to the investor community.

The process of identifying who owns a company’s shares — including institutional holders, ETFs, index funds, insiders, and retail investors — how the ownership mix is changing, and what signals those changes send about institutional sentiment and potential activist activity.

Advertising or sponsored content placements — including digital ads, sponsored content, and conference sponsorships — used to expand investor awareness beyond organic reach. Paid media is used selectively in IR, particularly for micro-cap and small-cap companies building broader visibility.

The identification and analysis of comparable public companies used for valuation benchmarking, investor targeting, competitive positioning, and compensation benchmarking. Defining the right peer universe is a foundational step in developing an IR strategy.

A structured review — typically combining desk research, sell-side feedback, and institutional investor outreach — of how the market perceives a company across key attributes including management credibility, strategy clarity, financial performance, and governance. Perception audits inform IR strategy and messaging priorities.